India and China in Africa

World’s fastest growing economies find themselves facing each other in the biggest market of the coming years i.e. Africa. The story of Chinese invasion of African economies is well known now. Government backed Chinese companies are everywhere building structures, pumping oil, mining copper, and selling toys and clothes. Indian expedition on the other hand has been quite different. Indian expedition has largely been a result of expanding private sector into unknown realms of the Dark Continent.

Why Africa?

Africa was always one of the most under developed parts of the world. Picture of starving populous and barren lands are the common stereotypes associated with the African continent. But just like India being a land of snake charmers is a misconception, same holds true for Africa. African continent had a collective GDP of $1.6 trillion in 2008, almost equal to that of Brazil or Russia. Combined consumer spending of Africa in 2008 was $860 billion which was more than that of India. Africa has one of the largest middle class numbering between 350 to 500 million, which is more than that of India. More than 40% Africans live in cities; this number is almost equal to that of China and more than that of India. There are more than 52 cities in Africa with population more than 1 million. It is estimated that the combined GDP would have increased to $2.6 trillion and combined consumer spending to $1.3 trillion with more than 50% population living in cities. All these factors point out to one single development. Africa is growing at a dramatic rate as a market. It is going to be the key market in the coming years and two of the fastest growing economies of the world do not want to miss on this opportunity. Capturing the market early and creating a niche is the key to tap this burgeoning market.

Chinese approach to Africa

China entered Africa in early 1990’s after trade was decentralized in late 1980’s with the aim to capture resources the black continent had to offer. The approach of Chinese companies backed by the government has been quite aggressive and scintillating. According to MOFCOM statistics, from 2003 to 2007, annual Chinese investment in Africa grew from US$75 million to US$1.5 billion. China has become the largest exporter to Africa beating America in the process. Chinese companies have penetrated a large part of the continent by lending one of its major strength – infrastructure development in form if hospitals, bridges, roads, telecom networks, airports etc. giving a much required shape to the land of Africa. In return, it gets access to the hitherto forbidden marvels like huge supplies of oil, metals like copper and zinc amongst others. China Petroleum has more than 25 oil and gas contracts in Sudan, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Chad, Niger, Nigeria, Mauritania and Equatorial Guinea. Apart from providing low cost technologies and skilled labour, China is also using its growing geo political clout by assisting tainted economies and governments of countries like Zimbabwe. This policy has backfired with criticism from all parts of the world. Chinese policy in Africa is well structured and perfectly implemented. It is a far sighted approach with an investment risk of 20 years. This large time duration involved can only be sustained through the backing of the government. Off late, Chinese investments are also seeking new markets. With China’s domestic markets oversupplied and extremely competitive, the need to find new markets is main motivation for Chinese overseas investment.Africa thus is the most lucrative target. Companies in labour-intensive manufacturing, like in household appliances, textile and apparel, toys, as well as infrastructure construction are expanding their international operations to seek markets, brand recognition and access to distribution channels. The first four sectors alone contribute to approximately 29 % of total Chinese exports not alone in Africa but to the world. Thus, Chinese foray into the African continent has been largely fruitful.

Indian foray in Africa

India was slow in indentifying the potential of the Africa. In a stark contrast to the Chinese approach, the Indian march to Africa has been led by the private sector.After proving themselves in fields as varied as automobiles, telecom and education in recent years, Indian businesses are gradually upping the ante. Though Indian businesses were active in Africa for quite some time and people like Manubhai Madhvani carved their empires in Africa, but Indian brand wagon suffered major setbacks during late 70’s and early 80’s and the business almost perished in the notoriety of dictators like Idi Amin et al. After liberalization in 1991, the Indians forayed into the African land on a larger scale, but the market was already under the Chinese influence. Nevertheless, Indian companies are knocking doors and making big investments in the continent. Indian presence is seen through Airtel, Tata, ESSAR and NIIT to name a few. Most companies are focusing on the English speaking regions of Africa. Portuguese and French speaking areas are largely untapped. Indian companies are also facing blocks largely because of ignorance about the continent. Like developing economies on developing path, African countries are very cautious in doing business. Strong norms and regulations are the major hindrances faced by Indian conglomerates. Conglomerates employ different approach to overcome these challenges. NIIT chose to work with local partners to capture the market in the 8 countries through which it operates. It became easy to understand the requirements of the knowledge systems and to identify the delivery points. ESSAR chose a subtler strategy. Rather than confronting the Chinese competition in the market, ESSAR focused on areas which were largely untouched by the Chinese influence.  English speaking parts of East Africa were targeted by ESSAR. This allowed them easy access to the market, but still faced several bureaucratic hurdles before they could acquire the oil refinery in Kenya. Airtel on the other hand acquired African assets of Zain telecom; a Kuwait based Telecom Company to gain access to humungous largely untapped market. Another major sector where Indian industries are exceeding expectations is pharmaceuticals. Africa has the largest number of HIV patients. The scourge of diseases like cholera and malaria is widespread. Indian pharmaceutical industries like Cipla, Ranbaxy and provide cheap drugs. The antiretroviral drugs offered by these companies for the treatment of HIV are the mainstay on treatments in major parts of the continents. Slowly Indian camp is taking its steps in the continent and expanding.

Though Indian companies produce what is precisely the need of Africa, but the penetration is Africa is very low. This is where China has taken the lead. Indian sector has upped the ante but it still falls way behind the Chinese. Indian sector invested close to $2 billion in Africa in 2008 alone. But Chinese spending in the same year were approximately $ 8 billion. While Chinese utilize the state – sponsored might and distribute freebies to get chunk deals, Indians rely on their private sector to build long lasting relationships. While no strategy is picture perfect but Chinese have a larger market share owing to their early entry and perfect execution to the plans. If brand India wants to shine in the unexplored lanes of Africa, then it would require government backing and some bold decisions by the private sector to take the challenge up to China but in Africa.

AROUND THE CORNER

This is yet another poem but this is not from NEO PRESS. It was found on the biggest literature source, that is INTERNET. I took the liberty of making some changes according to my whims and fancies. Probably the kinda situation we will find ourself soon, but i will take care that i dont end up in a situation like that. People may fear plagiarism in this one…lol. But I see it as a step forward and not into the gloom behind. So, here it is then…

AROUND THE CORNER

Around the corner I havea friend,
In this great city that has no end,
Yet the days go by and weeks rush on,
And before I know it, a year is gone.
And I never see my old friends face,
For life is a swift and terrible race,
He knows I like him just as well,
As in the days when I rang his bell.
And he rang mine if, we were younger then,
And now we are busy, tired men.
Tired of playing a foolish game,
Tired of trying to make a name.
“Tomorrow” I say! “I will call on Jim”
“Just to show that I’m thinking of him.”
But tomorrow comes and tomorrow goes,
And distance between us grows and grows.
Around the corner! yet miles away,
“Here’s a telegram sir” “Jim died today.”
And that’s what we get and deserve in the
end.
Around the corner, a
vanished friend.

an aberration to remember

It is the third in the series and third post by me. So i think my brain is doing good with words and rhymes. Now thats something to cheer about when words are taking me down these days in my supreme quest to BELL THE CAT! already failing to create much of an impression the first time, i m derperate to put all worries behind and own a place in the premier institute.

Well all that said is to show the state of mind that i have while typing all this. But that is inconsistant and loss of focus is one reason i m doing this. Nevertheless, i add one more from my collection of poems, coming straight from NEO PRESS, thats me.

an aberration to remember

the rattle of the trees
the humming of the bees
mind looses control
reminds me of something old
a day full of jokes and pun
and it was all fun
there’s a story in the dipping sun
and a bottle full of rum
i was sipping it away
and my mind went numb
i was trembling with fear
as she slowly came near
i wanted to talk
there was silence in the dark
as the light faded away
i saw her mind sway
i wanted to be a punk
she said she was drunk
she came close
i saw her more
reminded me
we had met before
her breathe grew heavy
and her sight grew dim
i realized i was mistaken
it was all my whim
then my heart sunk
as she leapt and flunked
caught in a strange situation
i had no one to blame
so i did what was required
called the ambulance
sat by the fire
silly as it may seem
but i thought we were on same team
so thats how ended
my strange day – night Dream!

LIFE WITHOUT A RHYME

This is only my second post and i think i am already getting addicted. Life without a rhyme is my creation and i am not exactly proud of that. Now u might think, how foolish of me to add something even i myself don’t like. Well, my answer is this is my page and i will do what i want to…lol.

That was infantile of me but i like doing that. Now, this again is a poem and the only good thing about this is that took care about the words and rhyme, and thats the only thing good about this poem. It is a bit humourous though, atleast i find it. AND IT IS NOT RELATED TO ANY PRESON LIVING OR ALIVE ON THIS PLANET, not sure about life on other planets though.

LIFE WITHOUT A RHYME

i asked her to stay
but she wouldnt listen
met her at the bay
where she was fishing
her eyes full of dismay
and i just kept staring
in the month of may
she left me for tensing
all the time we spent together
watching birds flying on feather
praising the super cool weather
i designed shoes of leather
but now it all fell apart
when she met him at WalMart
i aksed for time to reason
time to think it through
passing through the season
when i cheated you
fighting a loosing battle
now i live like cattle
i miss you more than ever
will love you forever

A Tribute to Hangout place-BAKRI

This is my first post and i know it will not be my last. To write was always a i thought, but untill now i was always over powered by the biggest, saddest, most diabolic trait of mine…ACEDIA, that is LAZINESS. But then at the peak of loafing or in other terms vellofying i had to do something but write.

As already mentioned above, this is my first post and a special one therefore. It is a kind of tribute to a strange hangout place which i shared with my college buddies. There is not person who knew me good enough to visit me at my dwellings and did not pay a holy visit to the Shrine i.e. Bakri.

Well all that said and written, its time i describe this shrine of mine. It was and still is one of the myriad small roadside tea shop open on highways across the country. Infact there were quite a few in that area of tambaram sanatorium-ingge area (apana ilaaka). But the tea and the service at this place was the best i came across as a cognoscenti of the second most popular beverage on this planet, first being water.

As for the name of the shop, it is strange and different, because that was a name we gave to the shop as it next to the Bakri ka baadaa, and you always got the sweet aroma of healthy mutton (i am a vegetarian though). Small kids trying to run away and the owner dragging them back was always a humourous site(i hope animal activists don’t come after me for that). The best part about the shop was that it was open round the clock, that made life easier for vagabonds like me.

Well now that i have described the place, the interested folks can see the place in my Orkut profile.

And i sign off from this post with a sweet little poem i made with a few friends of mine-no need to take permissions and worry about copyrights as they are still suffering from the syndrome i described in the opening sentences.

BAKRI

The meeting place of friends
Where they discuss all the new trends
The tea they serve is deadly
You can drink 3-4 absentmindedly
Never expect the same blend
Friends give money they lend
Day or night, the timing is right
Because it is open throughout the night
Sometimes we think it is not right
Usually the case when the situation is tight
But then we take it light
And go anyways, doing left-right
The man behind the counter serves with a Growl
Mutton lovers always on a prowl
The first sip tastes so sweet
Taking away all the days heat
One sip after the other
Makes us come together
Makes us rise and shine
Even after we drink and dine
Based on this you can say, we have no mind
But thats the way it is, we are one of a kind
Whether you are feeling low, or feeling high
Just take a trip to BAKRI mere bhai